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2. MEET THE MUSLIMS WHO………………..

Posted on September 10, 2014 by noorianayan

Haj Amin al-Husseini

Haj Amin al-Husseini
Al-Husayni1929head.jpg
Amin al-Husseini (1929)
Grand Mufti of Jerusalem
In office
1921 – 1937[1][2][3][4]
Preceded by Kamil al-Husayni
Succeeded by Husam Al-din Jarallah
President of the Supreme Muslim Council
In office
1922–1937
Personal details
Born c. 1897
Jerusalem, Ottoman Empire
Died 4 July 1974
Beirut, Lebanon
Political party Arab Higher Committee
Profession Mufti
Religion Sunni Islam
Military service
Allegiance
  •  Ottoman Empire
    (until 1918)

 

Haj Mohammed Effendi Amin el-Husseini (Arabic: محمد أمين الحسيني‎;[5] c. 1897;[6][7] – 4 July 1974) was a Palestinian Arab nationalist and Muslim leader in Mandatory Palestine.[8]

Al-Husseini was the scion of a family of Jerusalemite notables.[9] After receiving an education in Islamic, Ottoman and Catholic schools, he went on to serve in the Ottoman army in World War I. At war’s end, he positioned himself in Damascus as a supporter of the Arab Kingdom of Syria. Following the fiasco of the Franco-Syrian War
and the collapse of the Arab Hashemite rule in Damascus, his early
position on pan-Arabism shifted to a form of local nationalism for
Palestinian Arabs and he moved back to Jerusalem. From as early as 1920,
in order to secure the independence of Palestine as an Arab state he
actively opposed Zionism, and was implicated as a leader of a violent riot that broke out over the establishment of a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine. Al-Husseini was sentenced to ten years imprisonment, but was pardoned by the British.[10] Starting in 1921, al-Husseini was appointed Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, using the position to promote Islam, while rallying a non-confessional Arab nationalism against Zionism.[11][12]


His opposition to the British peaked during the 1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine. In 1937, evading an arrest warrant, he fled Palestine and took refuge in, successively, the French Mandate of Lebanon and the Kingdom of Iraq, until he established himself in Italy and Germany. During World War II he collaborated with both Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy by making propagandistic radio broadcasts and by helping Germans recruit Bosnian Muslims for the Waffen-SS. On meeting Adolf Hitler
he requested backing for Arab independence and support in opposing the
establishment in Palestine of a Jewish national home. At war’s end, he
came under French protection, and then sought refuge in Cairo to avoid
prosecution.


In the lead-up to the 1948 Palestine war, Husseini opposed both the 1947 UN Partition Plan and King Abdullah‘s designs to annex the Arab part of British Mandatory Palestine to Jordan, and, failing to gain command of the ‘Arab rescue army’ (jaysh al-inqadh al-‘arabi) formed under the aegis of the Arab League, formed his own militia, al-jihad al-muqaddas. In September 1948, he participated in establishment of All-Palestine Government.
Seated in Egyptian-ruled Gaza, this government won a limited
recognition of Arab states, but was eventually dissolved by Egyptian
president Gamal Abdel Nasser in 1959. After the war and subsequent Palestinian exodus, his claims to leadership, wholly discredited, left him eventually sidelined by the Palestine Liberation Organization, and he lost most of his residual political influence.[13] He died in Beirut, Lebanon, in July 1974. Husseini was and remains a highly controversial figure. Historians dispute whether his fierce opposition to Zionism was grounded in nationalism or antisemitism or a combination of both.

Table of Contents

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Contents


  • 1 Early life
  • 2 World War I
  • 3 Early political activism
  • 4 Mufti of Jerusalem
    • 4.1 Haram ash-Sharif and the Western Wall
    • 4.2 1929 Palestine Riots
      • 4.2.1 Prelude
      • 4.2.2 Riots
      • 4.2.3 Aftermath
    • 4.3 Political Activities 1930-1935
    • 4.4 1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine
  • 5 Ties with the Axis Powers during World War II
    • 5.1 Pre-war
    • 5.2 Al-Husseini in Iraq
    • 5.3 In Nazi-occupied Europe
    • 5.4 The Holocaust
      • 5.4.1 Al-Husseini and the Holocaust
      • 5.4.2 Al-Husseini’s attempts to block Jewish refugees
    • 5.5 Intervention in Palestine and Operation Atlas
    • 5.6 Propaganda
    • 5.7 Recruitment
  • 6 Activities after World War II
    • 6.1 Arrest and flight
    • 6.2 1948 Palestine war
      • 6.2.1 The U.N. Partition Resolution
      • 6.2.2 The war
      • 6.2.3 Establishment of All-Palestine Government
    • 6.3 Exile from Palestine
  • 7 Amin al-Husseini and antisemitism
  • 8 Evaluations of Husseini’s historical significance
  • 9 See also
  • 10 Notes
  • 11 References
  • 12 External links

 

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